Matter

Matter can be classified into two main groups:

Mixtures and Substances.

Mixtures

• Classified as either homogenous or heterogenous
• Combination of two or more substances
• Each component retains characteristic properties
• Components can be easily separated
  
  Ex: Pepperoni Pizza
  
• Combination of two or more substances (crust, cheese, sauce, pepperoni)
• Each component retains characteristic properites (you can taste the cheese AND the pepperoni AND the crust...they tastes don't blend together like a cake)
• Components can be easily seperated (if you don't like pepperoni you can peel it off

Homogenous

• Homo - same
• Homogenous solutions look the "same" throughout
• They have a uniform composition
• Consist of more than one phase of matter
• Solute - part of the solution that gets dissolved
• Solvent - part of the solution that does the dissolving

Ex: Kool-Aid

• Made of two phases: 1) Solid - sugar and powder 2) Liquid - water
• Cannot see the solid and liquid seperately, all looks the same
• Solute - Sugar
• Solvent - Water

Heterogenous

• Hetero - different
• You can see the different parts

Ex: T-Bone steak

• Does not all look the same
• You can see the fat, the bone, and the meat

Substances

Classified as either an element or a compound.

Element

• Elements are pure substances
• Simplest form of Matter
• Elements can be found on the PT
• Elements are written by their Chemical Symbol.
• Contain one capital letter

Ex: Gold

• Gold is a pure substnace
• Gold can be found on the PT
• Gold is written Au
• There is only one capital letter in its symbol

Compounds

• Combination of Elements
• Have two or more elements in their chemical symbol
• Have two capital letters in their symbols
• Elements do not retain characteristic properties
• Not easily separated

Ex: Salt

• Salt is a combination of the elements Sodium and Chlorine
• Salt is written NaCl
• There are two capitol letters.
• Sodium and Chlorine blend together to create a compound with new chemical properties